1. ANATOMICAL PLANES
A plane
is an imaginary flat surface passing through the body or organ that divides the
structure.- Frontal (Coronal) Plane: it is vertical and extends from one side of the body to the other. It divides the body into front and back sections. (Abduction, abduction and lateral inclination)
- Sagittal (Medial) Plane: it is vertical and extends from the front of the body to the back. It divides the body into right and left sections. (Flexion and extension)
- Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: it is horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower segments. (external rotation and internal rotation)
2. AXES OF ROTATION
The human
body is also divided into anatomical axes Axis of rotation is an imaginary line
(point of rotation) that passes through a joint or the body to describe
the movement.
3
Primary Axes of Rotation
1. Horizontal
(Medio-Lateral) Axis:
- Runs from side to side
- Perpendicular to Sagittal Plane
- Typically flexion/extension
2. Antero-Posterior
(Sagittal) Axis:
- Runs from front to back
- Perpendicular to the Coronal Plane
- Typically abduction/adduction movements
3. Longitudinal
(Vertical) Axis:
- Runs straight through the top of the head down between the feet
- Perpendicular to the Transverse Plane
- Typically a rotation type of movement
Using
planes and axis' allows us to accurately describe movement in relation to the
body.
When
movement takes place in one of the body's planes it rotates around an axis.
- Examples of movements in these axis’:
MOVEMENT IN
THE FRONTAL PLANE ABOUT THE SAGITAL AXIS
MOVEMENT IN
THE TRANSVERSE (HORIZONTAL) PLANE ABOUT THE VERTICAL AXIS
