Handball

It is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six field players and a goalkeeper) pass and bounce a ball to throw it into the goal of the opposing team. 

 1. - HISTORY 

Sport originated in Germany. It was created in 1919 by Karl Schelenz, a P.E. teacher in Berlin. In 1936 it was included in the Berlin Olympic Games, but it disappeared from the Olympics until the Munich Olympic Games (1972). Nowadays Spain is one of the leading competitors in the world (Gold medalist at the World Championships in 2005, bronze at the ´96 Atlanta O.G. and the 2000 Sydney games). 

 2. - THE PLAYING COURT 

Rectangle measuring 40x20 m. 

 3. - DURATION OF THE GAME 

The game consists of 2x30-minute halves with a 10-min half time break. Overtime: consists of 2x5-minute periods (the teams change benches at half time but there is no break). 

4. - THE TEAMS. THE REFEREES Each team has 6 court players and a goalie (7 players). Substitutes may enter the game at any time: unlimited substitutions. There are two referees. Field players: 

 Field players are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their bodies above the knee (knee included). 

 A player who is in possession of the ball may stand stationary for only three seconds and may only take three steps. They must then shoot, pass or dribble the ball. Taking more than three steps is a foul: “traveling”. 

 When a player dribbles, his hand can contact only the top of the ball. After the ball is picked up again, the player has the right to another three seconds or three steps. 

The ball must then be passed or shot, if he dribbles again it is a foul: "double dribble". 

Goalkeeper: 

 Only the goalkeeper is allowed move within the goal-area, although he may not cross the goal area line while carrying or dribbling the ball. Within the goal-area, he is allowed to touch the ball with all parts of his body including his feet. 

 If the goalkeeper deflects the ball over the end-line, his team stays in possession of the ball in contrast to other sports like football. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone (goalkeeper throw). 

 Passing to your own goalkeeper results in a turnover. 

5.- UNDERSTANDING THE GAME 

Throw-off (saque de centro): 

A throw-off takes place from the center of the court. The thrower must touch the center-line (línea de medio campo) with one foot and all of the other players must be in the half of their team. The defending players must keep a distance of at least three meters to the thrower. A throw-off occurs at the beginn ing of each period and after the opposing team scored a goal. 

Throw-in (saque de banda): 

When the ball crosses the side-line (línea de banda) or touches the ceiling, the team which did not touch the ball last makes a throw-in. If the ball crosses the end-line, a throw-in is only awarded if the defending field players touched the balls last. All defending players must keep a distance of three meters. 

Goalkeeper-throw (saque de portería): If the attacking team throws the ball over the end-line or when the goalkeeper deflects the ball over the end-line, a goalkeeper-throw is awarded to the defending team. 

Free-throw (lanzamiento de falta): A free-throw restarts the play after a foul. If the foul takes places between the free-throw line and the goal-area line, the throw is done on the free-throw line [sería un “golpe franco”]. 

7-meter throw (lanzamiento de 7 metros o penalti): A 7-meter throw is awarded when the defending team makes a foul when the attacking team has a clear chance to score. The thrower steps with one foot on the 7-meter line with only the defending goalkeeper between him and the goal. The goalkeeper must keep a distance of three meters which is marked by the 4-meter line. All other players must remain behind the free-throw line until execution. 

6. – SKILLS 

Positions: 

 Left and right wings (extremos). 

 Circle runner (pivote). 

 Left and right backcourts (laterales). 

 Centre backcourt (central). 

Track and Fields Athletics - High Jump

High Jump

It is a track and field athletics event: competitors must jump over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without any help or device. It looks simple but the High Jump requires speed, agility and technique, here are the 6 component parts of high jump: Approach, Take off, Flight, Bar clearance and Landing.

Approach: The approach must be made at maximum speed while still keeping the body under sufficient control to ensure a proper take-off.
Take-off: Jumpers must take off on one foot.
Flight, bar clearance and landing: Clear the bar and leave the landing mat while the bar remains in place. 

Rules:
1. Take-off from one foot only.
2. Don't disturb the bar or the uprights.
3. Jumpers have three opportunities to clear her bar in each round.
4. The winner is the person who makes the highest height without knocking over the bar to the ground. If there is a tie, the person with the lowest number of failures at that highest height, is the winner.

Did you know...?
Records breakers:
Men: 2,45 m Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) 27.07.93
Women: Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria) 30.08.87



This video shows you how was the evolution of the jump:

FUTSAL

1 .- Brief History

Futsal was born in Uruguay in 1930. When this country was world champion in football, there was great interest for practicing the sport and then Uruguayan schools did not have enough space to build soccer fields. That's when Juan Carlos Ceriani professor, devised the game using rules of water polo, basketball, handball and football, I write the rules of the sport. The "indoor soccer" as he began to call a sensation in Uruguay, from where he entered Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Spain. Then place in the world.

Futsal is a sport for players with technical ability, to those who like to impose their rule on the ball. The Spanish team has been champion of Europe and the world.

2 .- Laws of playing

2.1. The court

The playing court is a rectangle with a length of 40 m. and a width of 20 m.

2.2. Players.

Each team have twelve (12) players who may be enrolled to play the match. They may only be on the court a maximum of 5 players per team, and one of them will be necessarily a goalkeeper.

It is allowed an unlimited number of substitutions. A player who has been replaced may return to the court as a substitute for another player. Substitutions may be done without stopping the game, including the goalkeeper.

2.3. Duration of the match.

The duration of a match is timed 40 minutes, divided into two equal periods of 20 minutes each,with a 10 minute break between periods.

The teams are allowed to have a minute time-out in each of the periods of one minute duration and only when the applicant team in possession of the ball.

2.4. Starting the match.

Kickoff

The kick-off is a way of starting or restarting play:

- At the beginning of the game or after scoring a goal.

- At the beginning of the second half of the match.

- At the beginning of each period of extra time, if necessary.

2.5. Game Actions.

2.5.1 Actions not allowed.

Two kind of faults:

-Technical fouls

-Personal fouls

Technical fouls will be considered:

-Giving or attempting to kick an opponent.

-Make a trip up an opponent, or try to make it fall.

- Striking or attempting to strike an opponent.

-Holding an opponent

-Pushing an opponent with hands or arms.

To punish that action:

It is punishable by free kick awarded to the opposing team where the offense was committed. If the referee consider that the offense as a voluntary or dangerous he can penalize with red or yellow card.

If a defending team player commits one of these faults in their area of defense of six feet,

shall be punished with a penalty.

Personal fouls committed by players:

-If the goalkeeper stops the match more than 5 seconds, holding the ball in his own area, being in a position to play.

- Push and hold the ball any player for longer than 5 seconds.

- Lose more than 5 seconds to reset the ball in play.

- If the goalkeeper receive the ball from a teammate.

Personal fouls are punished:

All these offenses are punished with the change of possession to the opposing team.

Expulsions

A player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the following offenses:

-Or violent behavior.

-Or spitting at an opponent or any other person.

-Prevent the opposing team a goal with his hands.

-Cut an obvious goal opportunity to an opponent by hitting or make himtrip up.

-Using abusive language, rude and obscene.

- Receiving a second warning in the same game.

A player sent off won´t play again, and won´t be able to sit on the bench of substitutes.

Accumulated fouls

Are those punished by a direct free kick.

When a team reaches five accumulated fouls, from the sixth accumulated foul players of the defending team may not form a barrier to defend a free kick and the kick must kick with the

intention of scoring a goal and may not pass the ball to another player.

Throw-in.

Is awarded a throw-in:

- When the ball crosses entirely the sidelines, either by land or by air .

The match will restart from the exact spot where the ball went out for a player of the opposite team that touched it last. It will be done by a kick with the foot.

No goal may be scored directly from kick-in.

Penalties

The penalty is a direct free kick, whose serve is made from the penalty spot, at which point all players except the goalkeeper and the player's executor, must be outside the penalty area.

The opposing goalkeeper must remain on his goal line between the poles of the frame, without moving his feet until the ball is in play.

The executor of punishment, should throw the ball forward.

 3 .- Technical skillss to be developed this course.

PASSES

They are kicks that make the ball go in the direction of one of your team.

You can pass the ball from two different locations of the foot, the outside and the inside of the foot. In this sport because of how small the court is , passing is the main element when dribbling.

KICKS

It's a kick you do with your foot to the ball in order to get a goal. You can shoot with

different surfaces of the foot. It can strike in different ways:

- Tip: is used to shoot with maximum power or to make jellies.

- Inner kick: Used to adjust the ball over the place you want to go so the shot did not go so fast that when Shiite edge.

- Instep(Empeine): Performed with the forefoot.

- Heel: It used to surprise the goalie must throw distances close, because if you pull away you do not get far.

GETTING PAST or SWERVING PAST

Getting past is used to overcome the opposing player, use the entire foot. There are many types of actions (Croquet, Cycling, Hat, highways, etc..)

DRIBBLING

Displacements are made with the ball at his feet. Because the court is small it will have to do with the ball close to the feet. You can drive the ball inside, outside, sole. Unlike getting past driving involves to get the ball to free sites from which you can pass, shoot or dribble.

CONTROLS

These are contacts that make the ball with any part of the body so the ball stays close to

your body, to continue with another type of offensive action.

HIT WITH THE HEAD.

Where else is used is in the corner to get the goal or pass to a member of your team.

FAKES

They are used to cheat opponents either when shooting, passing or driving